Reducing Environmental and Occupational Cancer Risks Toolkit
Resources
IntroDution
Workshop Addressing Racism As a Public Health Issue Through the Lens of Environmental Health Disparities and Environmental Justice
Module 1: Find Power in Partnerships
A brief released after the above-mentioned webinar that summarizes key lessons for cancer coalitions when engaging in partnerships: https://chronicdisease.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/June-23-Webinar-Brief.pdf
Module 2: Maximize Data & Expert Insights
Examples of Partnership Members and Subject Matter Experts.
EXPERTS
ORGANIZATIONS
INDIVIDUALS
Module 3: Educate and Engage
The World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer list of substances evaluated and classifications regarding ability to cause cancer in humans. https://monographs.iarc.who.int/agents-classified-by-the-iarc/
The U.S. National Toxicology Program’s Report on Carcinogens – a cumulative report that lists substances that are known or reasonably anticipated to cause cancer in humans: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/cancer/roc
Examples of studies of links between cancer and environmental/occupational exposures
Recent literature reviews of cancer risks associated with environmental and occupational exposures as queried through PubMed:
Research literature and articles related to financial conflicts in science
Additional literature cited:
Whitehead TP, Metayer C, Wiemels JL, et al. Childhood Leukemia and Primary Prevention. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2016 Oct;46(10):317-352. doi: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2016.08.004.
Module 4: Evidence-Informed Interventions
Consumer Products
Dodson RE, Boronow KE, Susmann H, et al. Consumer behavior and exposure to parabens, bisphenols, triclosan, dichlorophenols, and benzophenone-3: Results from a crowdsourced biomonitoring study. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2020 Sep;230:113624. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113624.
Dodson RE, Setzer RW, Spengler JD, et al. Influence of living in the same home on biomonitored levels of consumer product chemicals. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2022 Nov;32(6):885-891. doi: 10.1038/s41370-021-00368-8.
Rodgers KM, Bennett D, Moran R, et al. Do flame retardant concentrations change in dust after older upholstered furniture is replaced? Environ Int. 2021 Aug;153:106513. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106513.
Health Professional Environmental Exposure Histories
Gehle KS, Crawford JL, Hatcher MT. Integrating environmental health into medical education. Am J Prev Med. 2011 Oct;41(4 Suppl 3):S296-301. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.06.007. PMID: 21961679.
Agency for Toxics Substances and Disease Registry’s case study in Environmental Medicine: Taking an Exposure History
Pediatric Environmental Health Tool kit (developed by University of California San Francisco. Endorsed by: American Academy of Pediatrics, Physicians for Social Responsibility, and Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Clinics. Environmental health toolkits for pediatricians)
Worker Training Materials
Putting Breast Cancer Out of Work training, developed by the GreenBlue Alliance: https://www.chemhat.org/en/uswbga-program
Healthy Building Products
Cancer and Environment Network of Southwest Pennsylvania
Fact sheet on cancer risks from products in homes: https://censwpa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/CENSWPA_Cancer-risks-and-the-home-environment-Oct-2021.pdf
Health Care without Harm’s Home Free resource to support finding health building products and materials: https://homefree.healthybuilding.net/
Built environment design and city planning
Wray AJD, Minaker LM. Is cancer prevention influenced by the built environment? A multidisciplinary scoping review. Cancer. 2019 Oct 1;125(19):3299-3311. doi: 10.1002/cncr.32376. Epub 2019 Jul 9. PMID: 31287585.
Koohsari MJ, Kakaya T, McCormack GR, et al. Built environment design and cancer prevention through the lens of inequality. Cities. 2021;119:103385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103385.
Green chemistry education resources
Green chemistry for K-12 teaching: https://ecology.wa.gov/Waste-Toxics/Reducing-toxic-chemicals/Green-chemistry/Green-chemistry-for-K-12-classroom; https://www.dec.ny.gov/education/77750.html; & https://greenchemistry.yale.edu/education/high-school/teachers
Beyond Benign’s green chemistry resources for K-12 educators: https://www.beyondbenign.org/k12/
Artificial turf
Article about artificial turf and its potential connection to glioblastoma: https://greenchemistry.yale.edu/education/high-school/teachers
Information on the EU restricting the use of synthetic turf: https://echa.europa.eu/hot-topics/granules-mulches-on-pitches-playgrounds
A review of synthetic turf policies: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667010022001767
Firefighters:
Daniels RD, Bertke S, Dahm MM, et al. Exposure-response relationships for select cancer and non-cancer health outcomes in a cohort of U.S. firefighters from San Francisco, Chicago and Philadelphia (1950-2009). Occup Environ Med. 2015 Oct;72(10):699-706. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102671.
Tsai RJ, Luckhaupt SE, Schumacher P, et al. Risk of cancer among firefighters in California, 1988-2007. Am J Ind Med. 2015 Jul;58(7):715-29. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22466.
Horn GP, Fent KW, Kerber S, et al. Hierarchy of contamination control in the fire service: Review of exposure control options to reduce cancer risk. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2022 Sep;19(9):538-557. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2022.2100406.
Professional wet cleaning as an alternative to dry cleaning:
Information over perchloroethylene being classified as carcinogenic: https://monographs.iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mono106-002.pdf
Onasch J, Jacobs M, Biddle E. From Perchloroethylene dry cleaning to professional wet cleaning: making the health and business case for reducing toxics. J Environ Health. 2017;79(6): E1-E7.
Alternatives assessment of seven common alternatives to perchloroethylene to help dry cleaners find alternatives: https://www.turi.org/TURI_Publications/TURI_Guides_to_Safer_Chemicals/Assessment_of_Alternatives_to_Perchloroethylene_for_the_Dry_Cleaning_Industry._2012
Exploration of adopting policies that incentive the use of professional wet cleaning: https://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/press_releases/14-009pr.shtml; https://www.phila.gov/documents/dry-cleaning-regulations/; & https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/phase-out-perchloroethylene-dry-cleaning-process/about
Banning pesticides in public spaces and replacing with Integrated Pest Management Practices
Chen M, Chang CH, Tao L, et al. Residential Exposure to Pesticide During Childhood and Childhood Cancers: A Meta-Analysis. Pediatrics. 2015 Oct;136(4):719-29. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-0006.
Van Maele-Fabry G, Gamet-Payrastre L, Lison D. Household exposure to pesticides and risk of leukemia in children and adolescents: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2019 Jan;222(1):49-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.004.
U.S. EPA’s information on Integrated Pest Management .https://www.epa.gov/ipm/introduction-integrated-pest-management
Press release from IARC on glyphosate classification as “probably” carcinogenic https://www.iarc.who.int/featured-news/media-centre-iarc-news-glyphosate/
Policies directing the use of IPM as substitutes for conventional pesticides:
Massachusetts – https://www.maasthma.org/toolkit/ipm
San Francisco – https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/san_francisco/latest/sf_environment/0-0-0-160; https://content.civicplus.com/api/assets/d8bf14cf-690c-40c0-973c-39cde3f0558d?cache=1800;
Santa Fe – https://www.beyondpesticides.org/assets/media/documents/lawn/activist/CITY%20OF%20SANTA%20FE.pdf
State-level policies restricting chemicals in consumer products
Compendium of state chemicals policies: https://www.saferstates.org/bill-tracker/
Air pollution policies
IARC publication on the carcinogenicity of air pollution: https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Iarc-Monographs-On-The-Identification-Of-Carcinogenic-Hazards-To-Humans/Outdoor-Air-Pollution-2015
Near traffic air pollution exposures is also a risk factor for childhood cancers:
Boothe VL, Boehmer TK, Wendel AM, et al. Residential traffic exposure and childhood leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2014 Apr;46(4):413-22. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.11.004.
Heck JE, Wu J, Lombardi C, et al. Childhood cancer and traffic-related air pollution exposure in pregnancy and early life. Environ Health Perspect. 2013 Nov-Dec;121(11-12):1385-91. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1306761.
Filippini T, Hatch EE, Rothman KJ, et al. Association between Outdoor Air Pollution and Childhood Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. Environ Health Perspect. 2019 Apr;127(4):46002. doi: 10.1289/EHP4381.
Studies suggesting that exposure to air pollution is associated with poorer cancer survival and treatment complications among childhood cancer patients:
Eckel SP, Cockburn M, Shu YH, et al. Air pollution affects lung cancer survival. Thorax. 2016 Oct;71(10):891-8. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207927.
McKeon TP, Anil Vachani, Penning TM, et al. Air pollution and lung cancer survival in Pennsylvania. Lung Cancer. 2022 Aug;170:65-73. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.06.004.
Ou JY, Hanson HA, Ramsay JM, Leiser CL, Zhang Y, VanDerslice JA, Pope CA 3rd, Kirchhoff AC. Fine Particulate Matter and Respiratory Healthcare Encounters among Survivors of Childhood Cancers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Mar 26;16(6):1081. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16061081.
Evidence-based interventions to support air pollution exposure reductions:
Turner MC, Andersen ZJ, Baccarelli A, et al. Outdoor air pollution and cancer: An overview of the current evidence and public health recommendations. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020 Aug 25:10.3322/caac.21632. doi: 10.3322/caac.21632.
Other literature cited (in alphabetical order by author):
Costas K, Knorr RS, Condon SK. A case-control study of childhood leukemia in Woburn, Massachusetts: the relationship between leukemia incidence and exposure to public drinking water. Sci Total Environ. 2002 Dec 2;300(1-3):23-35. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00169-9.
Dairkee SH, Moore DH, Luciani MG, et al. Reduction of daily-use parabens and phthalates reverses accumulation of cancer-associated phenotypes within disease-free breast tissue of study subjects. Chemosphere. 2023 May;322:138014. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138014.
Dumitrascu MC, Mares C, Petca RC, et al. Carcinogenic effects of bisphenol A in breast and ovarian cancers. Oncol Lett. 2020 Dec;20(6):282. doi: 10.3892/ol.2020.12145.
Siddique S, Zhang G, Coleman K, et al. Investigation of the migration of bisphenols from baby bottles and sippy cups. Curr Res Food Sci. 2021 Sep 3;4:619-626. doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.08.006.
Rochester JR, Bolden AL. Bisphenol S and F: A Systematic Review and Comparison of the Hormonal Activity of Bisphenol A Substitutes. Environ Health Perspect. 2015 Jul;123(7):643-50. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1408989.
Module 5: Environmental Justice
A report on official state and federal environmental justice efforts: https://www.ncsl.org/environment-and-natural-resources/state-and-federal-environmental-justice-efforts#state
Module 6: State Case Examples
A comprehensive action plan centered around primary prevention, science, community expertise, and policy initiatives to create systemic change to reduce toxic exposures and prevent breast cancer: https://www.bcpp.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Paths-to-Prevention-California-Breast-Cancer-Primary-Prevention-Plan_September-2020.pdf